Resources
USEFUL SITES:
http://www.raisingyourgrandchildren.com
http://grandparenting.typepad.com
KINSHIP MEDIATION RESOURCES:
Nationally, many community mediation centers offer kinship mediation, child custody, senior mediation, and other related services. You can access community mediation centers in your state by clicking on "Locate a Center"at www.nafcm.org. Dispute Resolution Centers in Washington State can be found at www.resolutionwa.org.
Mentor Programs for Children with Incarcerated Parents:
Programs by County in Washington State
| Chelan County: |
Children’s Home Society
Contact: Kristi Karpenko, Child Mentor Coordinator
(p) 509-663-0034 (f) 509-663-3726 (e) kristik@chs-wa.org |
| Clark County: |
Big Brothers Big Sisters of Southwest Washington
Contact: Erin McNally, Program Manager
(p) 360-891-8382 (f) 360-695-5548 (e) erinbbbs@msn.com |
| Cowlitz County: |
Big Brothers Big Sisters of Southwest Washington
Contact: Erin McNally, Program Manager
(p) 360-891-8382 (f) 360-695-5548 9 (e) erinbbbs@msn.com |
| Douglas County: |
Children’s Home Society
Contact: Kristi Karpenko, Child Mentor Coordinator
(p) 509-663-0034 (f) 509-663-3726 (e) kristik@chs-wa.org |
| Ferry County: |
Rural Youth Mentoring Partnership
Contact: Fabian Napolsky, Project Coordinator
(p) 509-789-3519 (f) 509-323-2785 (e) fnapolsky@esd101.net |
| King County: |
Big Brothers Big Sisters of King and Pierce Counties
Contact: Beth Minker, Program Manager
(p) 206-763-9060 ext. 229 (f) 206-763-8748 (e) bethm@bigsandlittles.org
Children’s Home Society
Contact: Tamzyn Palmer, Program Manager
(p) 206-768-6622 (e) tamzynp@chs-wa.org
Volunteers of America
Contact: Jennifer Eugene, Program Manager
(p) 425-259-3191 ext. 2312 (f) 425-259-5601 (e) jeugene@voaww.org
|
| Kitsap County: |
Volunteers of America
Contact: Jennifer Eugene, Program Manager
(p) 425-259-3191 ext. 2312 (f) 425-259-5601 (e) jeugene@voaww.org |
| Pend Oreille County: |
Rural Youth Mentoring Partnership
Contact: Fabian Napolsky, Project Coordinator
(p) 509-789-3519 (f) 509-323-2785 (e) fnapolsky@esd101.net |
| Pierce County: |
Big Brothers Big Sisters of King and Pierce Counties
Contact: Beth Minker, Program Manager
(p) 253-396-9630 ext. 229 (f) 253-396-9632 (e) bethm@bigsandlittles.org
Volunteers of America
Contact: Jennifer Eugene, Program Manager
(p) 425-259-3191 ext. 2312 (f) 425-259-5601 (e) jeugene@voaww.org
|
| Skagit County: |
Volunteers of America
Contact: Jennifer Eugene, Program Manager
(p) 425-259-3191 ext. 2312 (f) 425-259-5601 (e) jeugene@voaww.org |
| Snohomish County: |
Volunteers of America
Contact: Jennifer Eugene, Program Manager
(p) 425-259-3191 ext. 2312 (f) 425-259-5601 (e) jeugene@voaww.org |
| Spokane County: |
Big Brothers Big Sisters of the Inland Northwest
Contact: Lucy Lennox, Program Director
(p) 509-328-8310 ext. 20 (f) 509-328-2068 (e) llennox@bbbsspokane.org |
| Stevens County: |
Rural Youth Mentoring Partnership
Contact: Fabian Napolsky, Project Coordinator
(p) 509-789-3519 (f) 509-323-2785 (e) fnapolsky@esd101.net |
Recent Court Rulings by State
STATE LAW/Termination of Parental Rights/Willful Abandonment
FLORIDA: S.D.T. v. BUNDLE OF HOPE MINISTRIES, INC.
STATE LAW/Termination of Parental Rights/Process
TENNESSEE: In Re Tiffany B.
STATE LAW/Termination of Parental Rights/Child’s Right to Counsel
CALIFORNIA: In Re Abigail J. et al., v. Maria J.
STATE LAW/Termination of Parental Rights/Involuntary
GEORGIA: In the Interest of A. F., et. al.
STATE LAW/ Rights of Grandparents and Other Biological Relatives
INDIANA: In the Matter of G.R.
STATE LAW/ Termination of Parental Rights/Appeals of Orders of Termination
CALIFORNIA: In re A.C. et al.
Source: Brenda in Tennessee and the National Center for Adoption Law and Policy
Grandchildren can qualify
However, there are several eligibility requirements that must be met before any checks start to arrive
From the Akron, Ohio, Beacon Journal comes the following information, by way of NCGCR member, Brenda in Tennessee
Q: My husband and I are raising two grandchildren (ages 4 and 6), and we want to know if they can qualify for Social Security benefits when we retire. Can you explain the requirements? -- F.S., Sebring
A: Social Security uses several factors to determine a grandchild's eligibility.
First, the biological parents of the grandchild must be deceased or disabled (according to Social Security's guidelines), or the grandchild must be legally adopted by the grandparent.
Next, the grandchild must have started living with the grandparent before age 18 and received at least one-half of his or her support from the grandparent for the year before the month the grandparent became entitled to retirement or disability benefits or died.
If the grandchild was born during the one-year period, the grandparent must have lived with and provided at least one-half of the child's support for substantially all the period from the baby's birth to the month the grandparent became entitled to benefits.
And finally, the natural parents of the child must not be making regular support contributions. If the grandparents were already receiving benefits when the child was born, they would have to adopt the child to qualify for benefits. As you can see, qualifying a grandchild can become difficult and complicated. If you would like more information, look at our Web site at http://socialsecurity.gov or call 800-772-1213.
GRANDPARENT VISITATION - Recent Court Rulings by State
Pennsylvania
On August 22, 2006, the Pennsylvania Supreme Court ruled that grandparents no longer have to prove that their grandchildren would be harmed by not having visits with them. The court rejected an appeal by the child’s father who argued that his constitutional right to make parenting decisions was violated when a county judge gave partial custody to the maternal grandmother whose daughter died of cancer.
"We refuse to close our minds to the possibility that in some instances a court may overturn even the decision of a fit parent to exclude a grandparent from a grandchild's life, especially where the grandparent's child is deceased and the grandparent relationship is long-standing and significant to the grandchild," wrote Justice Max Baer in a four-judge opinion. A fifth justice filed a separate, concurring opinion, and one judge voiced his dissent.
Utah
On August 25 ,2006, the Utah Supreme Court upheld a statute that allowed grandparents visitation with their 10-year-old granddaughter after the mother (their daughter) died suddenly. The father claimed that the existing law violated his right to make decisions for his child, but that claim was rejected by the court.
Colorado
On June 26, 2006, Colorado’s high court ruled that the paternal grandparents of a boy who lost both of his parents by age 5 and was adopted by a maternal aunt and uncle had the right to petition for visitation even though they could not prove that denying visitation would harm the child. Colorado's Supreme Court reversed a lower court's ruling that required a grandparent to prove that lack of grandparent visitation "poses actual or threatened emotional harm to the child."
New York
On February 15th 2007, New York’s highest court unanimously upheld the state’s visitation statute. Mrs. Ethel Schutz’s daughter is deceased and her grandson’s father wanted to cease visitation between Ms. Schutz and her grandson. He challenged New York State’s visitation statute as unconstitutional as it interfered with his ability to raise his son. The court stated that the statute “..does not create an absolute or automatic right of visitation. Instead, the statute provides a procedural mechanism for grandparents to acquire standing to seek visitation with a minor grandchild. Record evidence supports the determination of the courts below that visitation between grandmother and the child is in the child's best interest.”
Proud Grandparents (UK):
An international link of interrest! Check out www.proudgrandparents.co.uk for news and information about grandparenting from "across the pond."
The following two links offer information and contact numbers for various child welfare ombudsman programs in many states:
http://ojjdp.ncjrs.org/PUBS/walls/appen-e.html
http://www.abanet.org/child/links.html
State Child Welfare Factsheets
A collaboration between the Center for Law and Social Policy (CLASP) and the Children's Defense Fund has resulted in a series of factsheets—one for each State and one for the nation—on child welfare statistics. Each two-page State factsheet provides essential statistics on the child population, children living in poverty, foster care, permanency, relative caregivers, and sources and amounts of child welfare spending. The factsheets provide quick and useful background information for policymakers, professionals in related disciplines, and the public on child welfare issues and spending.
Access the factsheets through a map on the CLASP website: http://clasp.org/publications/statefactsheetsonchildwelfarefunding06.htm
Child Welfare Fact Sheet:
Statistics illustrating major trends and issues in the child welfare system
Except as noted below, data are for the period ending Sept. 30, 2003, and are taken from: Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System (AFCARS) Report: Preliminary FY 2004. Retrieved May 5, 2006, from http://www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/cb/stats_research/index.htm.
Children and youth at risk
- 872,000 children and youth were confirmed victims of abuse or neglect in the United States in 2004.1
Children and youth in care
- 518,000 children and youth were in foster care on September 30, 2004 in the United States.2
- Half of all children in foster care are over the age of ten.
Length of stay in care for children and youth
- 39 percent (201,960) are placed in the child welfare system for less than one year.
- 28 percent (148,730 children) are in the system for three years or more.
- 48 percent (246,650 children) have reunification with their birth families as their case goal.
Caregivers
- 239,810 (46 percent) of the children in foster care live with licensed foster parents.
- 121,030 (23 percent) live with a relative.
- 97,070 (19 percent) are in a group home or institution.
- 24,650 (5 percent) are in pre-adoptive homes.
- 19,700 (4 percent) are in a trial home visit.
- 10,560 (2 percent) are runaways.
- 5,570 (1 percent) are in supervised independent living.
- There were 149,132 licensed (non-relative) family foster homes and 21,071 kinship homes licensed as foster homes in the United States in 2002.3
Kinship care (relatives or tribal members as caregivers)
- 121,030 (23 percent) of youth in foster care are placed with licensed foster parents who are also kin.
- In 2000, more than 2.4 million grandparents were the primary adults responsible for their grandchildren.4
Siblings in care
Note: National statistics are not available, and state data are limited. Estimates are that over half of children in foster care have siblings who are also in care. For example:
- In October 2005, 68 percent of children in the California child welfare system had at least one sibling in out-of-home care.5
- In 1998 in the New York child welfare system, 64 percent of children had at least one sibling in out-of-home care.6
Racial/ethnic group representation
- Some research has shown no significant racial differences in the overall incidence of abuse and neglect of children and youth. When other predictors are taken into account, African American children suffering abuse are more likely to be investigated by Child Protective Services.7
- African-American children are over four times more likely than Caucasian children to be placed in out-of-home care.8
- Children of two or more races are twice as likely to be place in out-of-home care.9
- American Indian and Alaska Native children are about three times more likely than Caucasian children to be placed in out-of-home care.10
- Children of color are less likely to be reunified with their birth families.11
Emancipation (when a youth in foster care becomes a legal adult)
- Over 100,000 youth in foster care are 16 or older.12
- Over 20,000 youth aged 16 and older made the transition from foster care to legal emancipation in 2003.13
Source of Information
Child Welfare Fact Sheet - Casey Family Programs http://www.casey.org/www.casey.org/Templates/Admin/SuperBlob.aspx?NRMODE=Published&NRORIGINALURL=%2fMediaCenter%2fMediaKit%2fFactSheet%2ehtm&NRNODEGUID=%7b89F2787D-AA68-45D5-B5CC-557B20BB426F%7d&NRCACHEHINT=Guest#_ftn1
Submitted by Cheryl Waller, NCGCR Internet Research Specialist
Journal Highlights Development Of Foster Care Around The World
The most recent issue of Families in Society (Volume 87, Issue 4) discusses the development of family foster care around the world. Two articles from this issue are summarized here; copies of these full articles and others can be downloaded at no cost at: http://www.familiesinsociety.org/currentissue.asp
"Family Foster Care: Cross-National Research Perspectives," by Anthony Maluccio, Cinzia Canali and Tiziano Vecchiato, reviews outcome research on foster care in four Western countries - Australia, Italy, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Family foster care had not been common in Australia and Italy, but has been growing in the past 20 years; both countries report high rates of placement disruptions. An English study of approximately 4,000 foster placements found that 88 percent of temporary ones did not disrupt. Research in the U.S. was found to support the use of foster care over group homes or institutions, but the country has not kept pace in implementing improvements in policy and practice.
"Treatment Family Foster Care: Its History and Current Role in the Foster Care Continuum," by Martha Dore and Deborah Mullin, reviews the development of treatment foster care for youth with serious emotional or behavioral problems in three systems of care - child welfare, juvenile justice, and mental health. Successful outcomes of treatment foster care (TFC) are associated with authoritative, sensitive parenting, well-defined treatment models, thorough training and support of foster parents, and clear conditions for reunification. One model for TFC that has been established as effective is multidimensional treatment foster care, which involves the birth family in shaping treatment plans and in family therapy.o
Child Welfare Law Office Guidebook
Best Practice Guidelines for Organizational Legal
Representation of Children in Abuse, Neglect, and Dependency Cases
This publication from the National Association of Counsel for Children discusses best practices for legally representing children. It includes guidelines in the areas of administration, development and outreach, and programs. Information on standards of practice, community resources, and developing outcome measures or a logic model for practice is included in the appendices.
http://www.naccchildlaw.org/about/documents/CLOPGuidebookFinal4-06.pdf
Child Welfare Outcomes 2003
Now in its sixth year, this report presents data for each State regarding the following: (1) 12 measures developed to assess the seven national child welfare outcomes; and (2) contextual factors regarding the number and characteristics of children who are the subject of substantiated child abuse or neglect reports and of children in the State's foster care system. The report also presents key findings across States on the relationship between contextual factors and State performance on the outcome measures.
Child Welfare Outcomes 2003: Annual Report - Table of Contents
http://www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/cb/pubs/cwo03/index.htm
Child Welfare League of America
The latest issue of The Link, CWLA's juvenile justice
newsletter, is now online.
It is a PDF file which requires Adobe Acrobat Reader.
To download and read the latest issue of The Link, go to:
http://www.cwla.org/programs/juvenilejustice/jjdnewsletter.htm
To sign up for the CWLA newsletter, go to:
http://www.cwla.org/programs/juvenilejustice/jjdnewsletter.htm
Child Welfare
Child Welfare Caseworker Visits. Quality caseworker visits are linked to improved outcomes for kids and families in the child welfare system.
Source: National Conference of State Legislatures Newsletter and Cheryl Waller
Congress Lowers Age Limit for Kin Providers to Receive Support
Congress has reauthorized the Older Americans Act which includes provisions to lower the age limit from 60 to 55 for grandparents and other relatives providing kinship care to qualify for support services through the National Family Caregiver Support Program (NFCGSP).
New to the Older Americans Act is a provision that authorizes demonstration grants to non-profit organizations to carry out multigenerational and civic engagement activities such as those that connect older and younger people in child care, youth day care, after–school programs, and library and education assistance programs. The Act also authorizes funding for innovative programs that engage older volunteers providing support to families whose children have special needs, and supports to grandparents and other older relatives and the children in their care. To qualify for funding an organization must have a multigenerational coordinator. Before this important work can move forward, Congress must allocate money to the programs.
More information about the Older Americans Act or about the National Family Caregiver Support Program is available at http://www.aoa.gov/
SOURCE:
Brent Elrod, Program Director, Generations United
belrod@gu.org or http://www.gu.org/
State Laws: Custody & Grandparent Visits
Note: Please scroll to the right if you do not see the entire table below:
| |
Grandparent Visitations |
GP Links |
Custody |
Custody Link |
| Alabama |
30-3-4-1Venue of all proceedings seeking modification of child custody, visitation rights or child support |
http://www.legislature.state.al.us/Co
deofAlabama/1975/coatoc.htm |
Section 30-3-5 |
http://www.legislature.state.al.us/
CodeofAlabama/1975/coatoc.htm |
| Alaska |
Sec. 25.20.065. Visitation rights of grandparent. |
http://www.touchngo.com/lglcntr/ak
stats/Statutes/Title25/Chapter20/Se
ction065.htm |
Title 25. Sec. 20.65 |
http://www.touchngo.com/lglcntr/
akstats/Statutes/Title25/Chapter
20/Section065.htm |
| |
|
AS 25.20.070. Temporary Custody of the Child. |
http://touchngo.com/lglcntr/akstats/
Statutes/Title25/Chapter20/Sectio
n070.htm |
| |
|
AS 25.24.150. Judgments For Custody. |
http://touchngo.com/lglcntr/akstats/
Statutes/Title25/Chapter24/Sectio
n150.htm |
| Arizona |
Title 25-409. Visitation rights of grandparents and great-grandparents |
http://www.azleg.state.az.us/Format
Document.asp?inDoc=/ars/25/00409
.htm&Title=25&DocType=ARS |
25-415. Custody by nonparent; presumption; grounds; definitions |
http://www.azleg.state.az.us/Format
Document.asp?inDoc=/ars/25/004
15.htm&Title=25&DocType=ARS |
| Arkansas |
Title 9-13-103 - Family Law rights of grandparents |
http://www.arkleg.state.ar.us/NXT/
gateway.dll?f=templates&fn=default
.htm&vid=blr:code |
9-13-101. Award of custody. (right to intervention) |
http://www.arkleg.state.ar.us/dat
a/ar_code.asp |
| California |
Family Code 3101. Visitation rights of grandparents and great-grandparents |
http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/cacod
es/fam/3100%2D3104.html |
FAMILY.CODE SECTION 3040-3048 |
http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/cgi-bin/
waisgate?WAISdocID=119870
24760+1+0+0&WAISaction=
retrieve |
| Colorado |
TITLE 14-10-129. Modification of parenting time - DOMESTIC MATTERS 19-1-117, C.R.S. |
http://198.187.128.12/colorado/lpext
.dll?f=templates&fn=fs-main.htm&2.0 |
Title 14 Children's Code Domestic Matters Parental Responsibilities |
http://198.187.128.12/colorado
/lpext.dll?f=templates&fn=fs-m
ain.htm&2.0 |
| |
|
19-1-115 Legal Custody guardianship placement out of the home |
http://198.187.128.12/colorado/
lpext.dll?f=templates&fn=fs-ma
in.htm&2.0 |
| Connecticut |
|
|
§ 8.2. Third party custody actions Conn. Gen. Stat. (2005) § 46b-56. Orders re custody, care, education, visitation and support of children [as amended by 2005 Conn. Acts 258 § 3] - § 46b-56b. Presumption re best interest of child to be in custody of parent - § 46b-57 Third party intervention re custody of minor children. Preference of child. § 46b-59 Court may grant right of visitation to any person. |
http://www.cga.ct.gov/2005/pub/
titles.htm |
| § 46b-56. Orders re custody, care, education, visitation and support of children [as amended by 2005 Conn. Acts 258 § 3] |
http://www.cga.ct.gov/2005/pub/
titles.htm |
Grandparent Custody (3rd party custody) |
http://search.cga.state.ct.us/
dtsearch_pub_statutes.html |
| |
|
Chapter 815j-Family Court Sec. 46b-56. (Formerly Sec. 46-42) |
http://www.cga.ct.gov/2005/pub/
Chap815.htm |
| Delaware - |
Family Court Information and forms |
http://courts.delaware.gov/How%20
To/Custody%20and%20Visitation/ |
|
http://courts.delaware.gov/How
%20To/Custody%20and%20
Visitation/ |
| DC |
Codes not online |
http://blog.laborlawcenter.com/2006/
09/08/dc-laws/ |
Codes not online |
http://blog.laborlawcenter.com/
2006/09/08/dc-laws/ |
| Florida |
Title XLIII Chapter 752 |
http://www.flsenate.gov/statutes/index
.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute&
URL=Ch0752/ch0752.htm \ |
Chapter 751 |
http://www.flsenate.gov/statutes/
index.cfm?App_mode=Display_
Statute&URL=Ch0751/ch0751
.htm |
| Georgia - |
19-1-1 G Domestic Relations Code (Visitation & Custody) |
http://www.ganet.state.ga.us/cgi-bin/
pub/ocode/ocgsearch?docname=O
Code/G/19/1/1&highlight=domestic
|relations |
|
http://www.ganet.state.ga.us/cgi-
bin/pub/ocode/ocgsearch?docna
me=OCode/G/19/1/1&highlight=
domestic|relations |
| Hawaii |
§571-46.3 |
http://www.capitol.hawaii.gov/site1/
docs/docs.asp?/press1=docs |
Section 578-3, Rule 7(b) |
http://www.state.hi.us/jud/Oahu/
Family/Custody.pdf |
| |
|
|
§571-46, 46.1 Criteria and procedure in awarding custody and visitation. §560, article V - Guardianship |
|
| |
|
|
Self Help Center: |
http://www.courts.state.hi.us/page
_server/SelfHelp/19354B6D1243
DCECEA6B1654DE.html |
| Idaho |
TITLE 32, DOMESTIC RELATIONS, CHAPTER 7, DIVORCE ACTIONS 719 |
http://www3.state.id.us/cgi-bin/newi
dst?sctid=320070019.K |
32-717. CUSTODY OF CHILDREN -- BEST INTEREST. |
http://www3.state.id.us/cgi-bin/ne
widst?sctid=320070017.K |
| 32-719. VISITATION RIGHTS OF GRANDPARENTS AND GREAT-GRANDPARENTS |
|
Self Help Center |
http://www.courtselfhelp.idaho.gov/ |
| Illinois |
Section 607(a‑3) |
http://www.ilga.gov/legislation/ilcs/ilc
s4.asp?DocName=075000050HPt
%2E+VI&ActID=2086&ChapAct=
750%26nbsp%3BILCS%26nbsp%
3B5%2F&ChapterID=59&Chapter
Name=FAMILIES&SectionID=631
09&SeqStart=12500&SeqEnd=148
00&ActName=Illinois+Marriage+and
+Dissolution+of+Marriage+Act%2E |
FAMILIES (750 ILCS 5/) |
http://www.ilga.gov/legislation/ilcs
/ilcs4.asp?DocName=07500005
0HPt%2E+VI&ActID=2086&C
hapAct=750
%26nbsp%3BILC
S%26nbsp%3B5%2F&Chapter
ID=59&ChapterName=FAMIL
IES&SectionID=63109&SeqSt
art=12500 &SeqEnd=14800&
ActName=Illinois+Marriage+an
d+Dissolution+of+Marriage+Ac
t%2E |
| Indiana |
IC 31-17-5 Chapter 5 Grandparent’s Visitation PDF file for Grandparent Visitation |
http://www.in.gov/legislative/ic/code/
title31/ar17/ch5.pdf |
Guardianship IC 29-3 PDF file for Guardianship |
http://www.in.gov/legislative/ic/
code/title29/ar3/ch1.pdf |
| Iowa |
598.35 Grandparent Visitation |
http://nxtsearch.legis.state.ia.us/NXT/
gateway.dll/moved%20code/2005%
20Iowa%20Code/1?f=templates&
fn=default.htm |
598.41 |
http://nxtsearch.legis.state.ia.us/
NXT/gateway.dll/moved%20code
/2005%20Iowa%20Code/1?f=
templates&fn=default.htm |
| Kansas – |
Chapter 38.--MINORS 38-129 |
http://www.kslegislature.org/legsrv-
statutes/getStatuteFile.do?number=
/38-129.html |
59-3059 PROBATE CODE |
http://www.kslegislature.org/legs
rv-statutes/getStatuteFile.do?num
ber=/59-3059.html |
| |
|
Article 30.--GUARDIANS OR CONSERVATORS |
|
| Kentucky |
405.021 Reasonable visitation rights to grandparents |
http://www.lrc.ky.gov/krs/405%2D0
0/021.pdf |
405.020 Custody, nurture, and education of minor child – Physically and mentally disabled children – De facto custodian |
DeFacto pdf file - http://www.lrc
.ky.gov/krs/405%2D00/020.pdf |
| |
|
403.280Temporary custody orders |
http://www.lrc.ky.gov/krs/610%
2D00/050.pdf |
| |
|
610.050Temporary change in custody |
http://www.lrc.ky.gov/krs/610%
2D00/050.pdf |
| Louisiana |
§344. Visitation rights of grandparents and siblings |
http://parentsrights.com/
louisianagpv.htm |
CHC 1515 – Voluntary transfer of custody |
http://www.legis.state.la.us/lss/lss
.asp?doc=72983 |
| |
|
CCP 3945 – Temporary child custody |
http://www.legis.state.la.us/lss/lss
.asp?doc=111884 |
| Maine |
§4005-E. Grandparents; visitation and access; placement |
http://janus.state.me.us/legis/statutes/
22/title22sec4005-e.html |
§4005-E. Grandparents; visitation and access; placement |
http://janus.state.me.us/legis/stat
utes/22/title22sec4005-e.html |
| TITLE 9. CHILD CUSTODY AND VISITATION |
http://198.187.128.12/maryland/lpext
.dll?f=templates&fn=fs-main.htm&2.0 |
|
|
| Maryland |
Visitation & Custody together in laws |
|
Self Help Center |
http://www.courts.state.md.us/
family/selfhelp.html |
| |
|
Chapter 201: Section 2G Appointment of emergency proxy |
|
| |
|
Massachusetts - Chapter 201: Section 2 Guardians of minors; appointment |
|
| |
|
CHAPTER 209C. CHILDREN BORN OUT OF WEDLOCK |
|
| Michigan |
722.27b Order for grandparenting time |
http://www.legislature.mi.gov/(birfnau
jos31ivyt0vgmlw45)/printDocument.
aspx?objName=mcl-722-27b&vers
ion=txt |
Section 712A.13a |
http://www.legislature.mi.gov/(4z
mp2yzz2anlsq45puzqxl55)/mileg
.aspx?page=getobject&objectna
me=mcl-712a-13a&queryid=89
80222&highlight=grandparent#1 |
| Mississippi |
Chapter 016 GRANDPARENTS' VISITATION RIGHTS |
http://www.mscode.com/free/statute
s/93/016/index.htm |
Chapter 013 of Title 93 |
http://www.mscode.com/free/
statutes/93/013/index.htm |
| Minnesota |
Chapters 517 thru 519 DOMESTIC RELATIONS |
http://www.leg.state.mn.us/leg/
statutes.asp |
|
http://www.helpyourselfdivorce
.com/minnesota-child-custody.html |
| 518.17 |
http://www.revisor.leg.state.mn.us/
stats/ |
|
|
| Minnesota Laws on Best Interest of the Child. |
http://www.helpyourselfdivorce.com/
minnesota-child-custody.html |
|
|
| Missouri |
452.402. Grandparent's visitation rights granted, when, terminated, when--guardian ad litem appointed, when--attorney fees and costs assessed, when. |
http://www.moga.mo.gov/statutes/
C400-499/4520000402.HTM |
Chapter 452 |
http://www.moga.mo.gov/statutes/
C400-499/4520000375.HTM |
| |
|
455.032. 455.032. Protection order |
http://www.moga.mo.gov/statutes/
C400-499/4550000032.HTM |
| Montana |
40-9-102. Grandparent-grandchild contact |
http://data.opi.state.mt.us/bills/mca/40
/9/40-9-102.htm |
41-3-442. Temporary legal custody |
http://data.opi.mt.gov/bills/mca/
41/3/41-3-442.htm |
| |
|
41-3-301. Emergency protective service. |
http://data.opi.mt.gov/bills/mca/
41/3/41-3-301.htm |
| |
|
41-3-438 Disposition hearing |
http://data.opi.mt.gov/bills/mca/
41/3/41-3-438.htm |
| Nebraska – |
Section 43-1802 Visitation; conditions; order; modification |
http://srvwww.unicam.state.ne.us/
Statutes2005.html |
Section 43-250 Temporary custody; disposition; custody requirements. |
http://srvwww.unicam.state.ne.
us/Statutes2005.html |
| Nevada |
NRS 125C.050 Petition for right of visitation for certain relatives and other persons |
http://www.leg.state.nv.us/nrs/NRS
-125C.html |
NRS 125.500 Award of custody to person other than parent. |
http://www.leg.state.nv.us/NRS
/NRS-125.html |
| New Hampshire |
Grandparent Visitations |
http://www.gencourt.state.nh.us/rsa/
html/xliii/461-a/461-a-mrg.htm |
|
|
| |
|
De Facto |
http://www.gencourt.state.nh.us/
legislation/2004/HB1415.html |
| |
|
Termination of Parental Rights |
http://www.gencourt.state.nh.us/
rsa/html/xii/170-c/170-c-mrg.htm |
| New Jersey |
9:2-7.1 Visitation rights of grandparents, siblings |
http://lis.njleg.state.nj.us/cgi-bin/om_
isapi.dll?clientID=46789949&Dep
th=4 &TD=WRAP&advquery=gra
ndparent&headingswithhits=on&info
base=statutes.nfo&rank=&record=
{3398}&softpage=Document42&
wordsaroundhits=2&x=46&y=14
&zz= |
2A:34-58 Effect of custody determination |
http://lis.njleg.state.nj.us/cgi-bin/
om_isapi.dll?clientID=4678994
9&Depth=4&TD=WRAP&ad
vquery=%22child%20custody
%22 &headingswithhits=on&
infobase=statutes.nfo&rank=
&record={9E0}&softpage=
Document42&wordsaroundhits
=2&x=20&y=18&zz= |
| |
|
2A:34-56 Application to Indian tribes |
http://lis.njleg.state.nj.us/cgi-bin/
om_isapi.dll?clientID=4678994
9&Depth=4&TD=WRAP&ad
vquery=%22child%20custody
%22&headingswithhits=on&info
base=statutes.nfo&rank=&reco
rd={9D7}&softpage=Doc_Fra
me_Pg42&wordsaroundhits=2
&x=20&y=18&zz= |
| |
|
2A:4A-32 Short-term custody |
http://lis.njleg.state.nj.us/cgi-bin/
om_isapi.dll?clientID=4678994
9&Depth=4&TD=WRAP&ad
vquery=child%20custody&hea
dingswithhits=on&infobase=sta
tutes.nfo&rank=&record={18
A}&softpage=Document42&w
ordsaroundhits=2&x=40&y=1
3&zz= |
| |
|
9:3-39-1 Offering, assisting in the placement of child |
http://lis.njleg.state.nj.us/cgi-bin
/om_isapi.dll?clientID=467899
49&Depth=4&TD=WRAP&
advquery=grandparent&headi
ngswithhits=on&infobase=stat
utes.nfo&rank=&record={33
B8}&softpage=Document42&
wordsaroundhits=2&x=46&y=
14&zz= |
| New Mexico |
40-9-2. Children; visitation by grandparent; petition; mediation |
http://www.conwaygreene.com/nmsu
/lpext.dll?f=templates&fn=main-hit-h
.htm&2.0 |
40-10B-7. Temporary guardianship pending hearing. |
http://www.conwaygreene.com
/nmsu/lpext.dll?f=templates&fn
=main-hit-h.htm&2.0 |
| |
|
4-987. Order appointing temporary kinship guardian |
http://www.conwaygreene.com/
nmsu/lpext.dll?f=templates&fn=
main-hit-h.htm&2.0 |
| |
|
Section 40-10B-7 NMSA 1978] |
|
| |
|
Kinship Guardianship Act [40-10B-6 NMSA 1978 |
http://www.conwaygreene.com/
nmsu/lpext.dll?f=templates&fn=
main-hit-h.htm&2.0 |
| New York |
PART 3 S 651 |
http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/nycod
es/c42/a60.html |
S 655. Temporary order of protection |
http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/
nycodes/c42/a60.html |
| |
|
PART 3 CUSTODY Section 651. |
http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/
nycodes/c42/a60.html |
| |
|
De Facto |
|
| North Carolina |
§ 48-4-105. Visitation awards to grandparents pursuant to Chapter 50 of the General Statutes. |
http://www.ncga.state.nc.us/enacted
legislation/statutes/html/bysection/ch
apter_48/gs_48-4-105.html |
§ 50‑13.2. Who entitled to custody; terms of custody; visitation rights of grandparents; taking child out of State. |
http://www.ncga.state.nc.us/ena
ctedlegislation/statutes/html/byse
ction/chapter_50/gs_50-13.2.
html |
| North Dakota |
14-09-061.1 |
http://www.legis.nd.gov/cencode/
t14c09.pdf |
Chapter 14-20 Uniform Parentage Act |
http://www.legis.nd.gov/cencode
/t14c20.pdf |
| |
|
Chapter 14-09 Parent & Child |
http://www.legis.nd.gov/cencode
/t14c09.pdf |
| Ohio |
[§ 3109.05.1] § 3109.051. Order granting parenting time or companionship or visitation rights |
http://onlinedocs.andersonpublishing
.com/oh/lpExt.dll?f=templates&fn=
main-h.htm&cp=PORC |
§ 3109.52. Power of attorney granting grandparent with whom child resides authority over care, custody, and control of child. |
http://onlinedocs.andersonpublis
hing.com/oh/lpExt.dll?f=templat
es&fn=main-h.htm&cp=PORC |
| |
|
§ 3109.65. Execution of caretaker authorization affidavit by grandparent. |
http://onlinedocs.andersonpubli
shing.com/oh/lpExt.dll?f=templ
ates&fn=main-h.htm&cp=
PORC |
| Oklahoma |
Grandparent Visitations (could not locate) |
|
340:100-3-29. Foster Grandparent Program |
http://204.87.112.100/oar/code
doc02.nsf/frmMain?OpenFrame
Set&Frame=Main&Src=_75tnm
2shfcdnm8pb4dthj0chedppmcbq
8dtmmak31ctijujrgcln50ob7ckj4
2tbkdt374obdcli00_ |
| |
|
340:100-3-5.1. Volunteer Guardianship Program |
http://204.87.112.100/oar/coded
oc02.nsf/frmMain?OpenFrameSe
t&Frame=Main&Src=_75tnm2sh
fcdnm8pb4dthj0chedppmcbq8dt
mmak31ctijujrgcln50ob7ckj42tb
kdt374obdcli00_ |
| |
|
340:105-10-90.1. National Family Caregiver Support Program |
http://204.87.112.100/oar/code
doc02.nsf/frmMain?OpenFrame
Set&Frame=Main&Src=_75tnm
2shfcdnm8pb4dthj0chedppmcbq
8dtmmak31ctijujrgcln50ob7ckj4
2tbkdt374obdcli00_ |
| Oregon |
109.332 Grandparent visitation in stepparent adoption |
http://www.leg.state.or.us/ors/
109.html |
109.119 Rights of person who establishes emotional ties creating child-parent relationship or ongoing personal relationship; presumption regarding legal parent; motion for intervention |
http://www.leg.state.or.us/ors/
109.html |
| |
|
|
Forms |
http://www.ojd.state.or.us/osca/
cpsd/courtimprovement/familylaw/
familylawforms.htm |
| Pennsylvania |
|
|
Title 23 Chapter 53-Custody |
http://members.aol.com/Statutes
P2/23.Cp.53A.html |
| Rule 1915.3. Commencement of Action. Complaint. Order. |
http://www.pacode.com/secure/data/
231/chapter1915/s1915.3.html |
Protection Order-Rule 1905. Forms for Use in PFA Actions. Notice and Hearing. Petition. Temporary Protection Order. Final Protection Order. |
|
| |
|
Rule 1905. Forms for Use in PFA Actions. Notice and Hearing. Petition. Temporary Protection Order. Final Protection Order. |
http://www.pacode.com/secure/
data/231/chapter1900/s1905.html |
| |
|
Self Help |
http://www.co.lancaster.pa.us/pro
se/lib/prose/packets/custodywith
forms.pdf |
| Rhode Island |
SECTION 15-5-24.1 |
http://www.rilin.state.ri.us/statutes/
title15/15%2D5/15%2D5%2D24
.1.htm |
CHAPTER 15-14.1 |
http://www.rilin.state.ri.us/Statutes/
TITLE15/15-14.1/INDEX.HTM |
| South Carolina |
SECTION 20-7-20-33 |
http://www.scstatehouse.net/code/
t20c007.htm |
SECTION 20-7-10. Short title. [SC ST SEC 20-7-10] |
http://www.scstatehouse.net/cgi-
bin/query.exe?first=FIRST&quer
ytext=&category=Code |
| South Dakota - GP Visit & Custody together |
CHAPTER 25-4A.& § 25-4-52 |
http://198.187.128.12/southdakota/
lpext.dll?f=templates&fn=fs-main.
htm&2.0 |
CHAPTER 25-4A.& § 25-4-52 |
http://198.187.128.12/southdakota
/lpext.dll?f=templates&fn=fs-main
.htm&2.0 |
| Tennessee |
36-6-302. Grandparents' visitation rights |
http://www.state.tn.us/tccy/tnchild/
36/36-6-302.htm |
CHAPTER 6 CHILD CUSTODY AND VISITATION |
http://www.state.tn.us/tccy/tnchild
/t36/t_36_ch_6_part1.htm |
| 36-6-307 Determination of best interests of child for grandparent visitations |
http://www.state.tn.us/tccy/tnchild/
36/36-6-307.htm |
|
|
| Texas |
§ 153.432. SUIT FOR POSSESSION OR ACCESS BY GRANDPARENT |
http://www.capitol.state.tx.us/statutes/
docs/FA/content/pdf/fa.005.00.000
153.00.pdf |
CHAPTER 153. CONSERVATORSHIP, POSSESSION, AND ACCESS |
http://www.capitol.state.tx.us/stat
utes/docs/FA/content/htm/fa.005.
00.000153.00.htm#153.001.00 |
| |
|
Termination of Parental Rights |
http://www.capitol.state.tx.us/stat
utes/docs/FA/content/htm/fa.005.
00.000161.00.htm#161.002.00 |
| |
|
CHAPTER 83. TEMPORARY EX PARTE ORDERS |
http://www.capitol.state.tx.us/stat
utes/docs/FA/content/pdf/fa.004.
00.000083.00.pdf |
| Utah |
Title 30 -- Chapter 05 -- Grandparents |
http://www.le.state.ut.us/~code/TIT
LE30/30_06.htm |
30-3-10. Custody of children in case of separation or divorce -- Custody consideration. |
http://www.le.state.ut.us/~code/
TITLE30/htm/30_03011.htm |
| Vermont |
Chapter 18: Grandparents' Visitation |
|
|
|
| Virginia |
§ 20-124.3. Best interests of the child; visitation. |
http://leg1.state.va.us/cgi-bin/legp
504.exe?000+cod+20-124.3 |
§ 16.1-278.15. Custody or visitation, child or spousal support generally |
http://leg1.state.va.us/cgi-bin/legp
504.exe?000+cod+16.1-278.15 |
| § 16.1-278.15. Custody or visitation, child or spousal support generally |
http://leg1.state.va.us/cgi-bin/legp
504.exe?000+cod+16.1-278.15 |
§ 20-124.4. Mediation |
http://leg1.state.va.us/cgi-bin/legp
504.exe?000+cod+20-124.4 |
| Washington |
RCW 26.10.110 Temporary custody order —Vacation of order. |
http://apps.leg.wa.gov/RCW/
default.aspx?cite=26.10.100 |
Chapter 26.10 RCW
Nonparental actions for child custody |
http://apps.leg.wa.gov/rcw/default
.aspx?cite=26.10 |
| West Virginia |
§48-10-502. Factors to be considered in making a determination as to a grant of visitation to a grandparent. |
http://www.legis.state.wv.us/WV
CODE/masterfrm3Banner.cfm |
Custody (not sure of the title & chapters for WV laws) |
http://www.geocities.com/Heartland/
Hills/6614/custody.html |
| Wisconsin |
Chapter 767 - Actions affecting the family |
http://www.legis.state.wi.us/
statutes/Stat0767.pdf |
Kinship Care |
http://dhfs.wisconsin.gov/Children/
Kinship/CTYKIN/!kincmap.HTM |
| Wyoming |
20-7-101. Establishing grandparents' visitation rights |
http://legisweb.state.wy.us/
titles/statutes.htm |
H.B. No. 0054 Grandparents visitation rights. |
http://legisweb.state.wy.us/titles/
statutes.htm |
| |
|
3-1-101 - ARTICLE 1 - GUARDIANS OR CONSERVATORS |
http://legisweb.state.wy.us/statutes/
statutes.aspx?file=titles/Title3/Title3
.htm |
The web links listed above were gathered through research on the Internet. They are neither controlled nor owned by NCGCR or any of its members.
Researcher: Tommie Beck